Natterjack toad

The Natterjack toad (lat. Bufo calamita) belongs to the order Anura and the family Bufonidae. It is essential to clarify that this species is not a plant pest. In agronomy, it is recognized as a beneficial animal that helps maintain balance within the agroecosystem by feeding on various insects and invertebrates.

The biology of the species is characterized by a reliance on shallow, warm water bodies for breeding. After metamorphosis, these toads disperse into terrestrial habitats, such as sandy heaths, grasslands, and agricultural areas. They are nocturnal hunters, active primarily at night, which allows them to effectively cover large areas in search of prey.

Their diet consists entirely of animal matter. Natterjack toads are opportunistic predators, consuming beetles, caterpillars, ants, and slugs. By targeting these organisms, they act as natural controllers of many common agricultural pests, providing free and sustainable pest management services to farmers and gardeners.

Regarding crop damage and harmfulness, the Natterjack toad poses no threat to vegetation. It does not graze on leaves, damage roots, or affect seed development. Its presence is strictly beneficial to crop health, as it reduces the reliance on synthetic pesticides by naturally keeping insect pest populations under control.

Protection measures are necessary because the Natterjack toad is a protected species in many regions. To support their population, farmers should:

• Maintain small, temporary ponds free from predatory fish.
• Reduce the use of broad-spectrum insecticides that harm non-target species.
• Create refuges such as log piles or stone piles in field margins.
• Avoid deep tillage in nesting areas during the breeding season.