Chlorophorus figuratus

Systematic position: Chlorophorus figuratus is a species of beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae, commonly known as longhorn beetles or wood borers. It is a widespread insect in the Palearctic region, known for its role as a xylophagous pest that targets various deciduous trees.

Host plants: This pest is a polyphagous insect that infests a variety of broad-leaved trees. In orchard settings, it primarily attacks fruit-bearing species such as apple, pear, and plum trees. It can also be found in natural woodland environments, feeding on oak, hornbeam, and beech wood.

Biology and life cycle: The lifecycle of Chlorophorus figuratus typically spans over one to two years. The adult beetles are active during the warm summer months and are often seen visiting flowers for nectar. Females deposit eggs in bark crevices or wounds. Upon hatching, the larvae bore into the bark, creating extensive galleries in the cambium and xylem layers of the host plant.

Damage character and economic impact: The primary economic damage is caused by the larval stage, which creates tunnels that disrupt the vascular system of the tree. This damage prevents the transport of water and nutrients, leading to branch dieback, stunted growth, and eventually the death of the tree if the infestation is severe. The weakened wood structure also makes trees more susceptible to breakage by wind or secondary diseases.

Protection measures: Effective management requires an integrated pest management (IPM) approach to maintain tree health:

• Pruning and destroying infested branches to reduce the pest population.
• Applying wound dressings to prevent adult beetles from laying eggs in tree bark.
• Using systemic insecticides during the peak activity period of the adult beetles.
• Maintaining tree vigor through proper fertilization and watering to improve natural defenses.
• Monitoring orchard health to identify early signs of bark entry and larval boring.