Pig follicle mite

Systematic position: The pig follicle mite (Demodex phylloides) belongs to the class Arachnida, order Trombidiformes, and family Demodecidae. This microscopic mite is an obligate parasite that specifically inhabits the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of domestic and wild pigs.

Affected hosts: It is critical to clarify that Demodex phylloides is not a plant pest but a significant veterinary pathogen. It affects pigs of all breeds, potentially leading to herd-wide health issues if biosecurity measures are not strictly followed.

Biology and life cycle: The entire life cycle occurs on the host, involving stages from egg to larva, nymph, and adult. Mites thrive within the follicle environment, feeding on gland secretions and epithelial cells. Transmission is primarily direct, often from a sow to her piglets shortly after birth, leading to widespread infection within a litter.

Damage and pathogenicity: The presence of large numbers of mites causes gland blockage, leading to the formation of cutaneous nodules or pustules. Affected areas show hair loss, erythema, and pruritus. In severe cases, the lesions become infected by bacteria, resulting in abscesses that damage the skin quality and compromise the animal's overall physiological well-being.

Control measures: Management of demodicosis includes early identification and the use of targeted acaricides such as macrocyclic lactones or topical washes. Maintaining strict hygiene in housing facilities is essential to interrupt the transmission cycle. Controlling the mite population involves rigorous sanitation of stalls and preventing contact with infested individuals to maintain herd health.