Apache cicada

The Apache cicada (Diceroprocta apache) is a member of the family Cicadidae within the order Hemiptera. Native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, these insects are well-known for their distinct buzzing sound during the heat of the summer. While they are a natural part of the ecosystem, their population levels can sometimes reach thresholds that categorize them as agricultural pests.

This species primarily attacks a variety of woody plants. Fruit orchards, particularly citrus, almond, and stone fruit trees, are susceptible to damage. Additionally, they are frequently found in vineyards and ornamental landscapes, where their feeding and reproductive habits can cause localized stress to the host plants.

The biological cycle of the Apache cicada is characterized by a prolonged subterranean phase. The nymphs live underground for several years, feeding on the xylem fluid of tree roots. Once they complete their development, they emerge from the soil as adults, undergo a final molt, and transition into their aerial reproductive phase.

The primary economic damage is caused by the females during the egg-laying process. By inserting their ovipositor into twigs and small branches, they create slits that weaken the structural integrity of the plant tissue. These wounds often lead to "flagging," where the damaged tip of the branch dies, breaks off, or provides an entry point for diseases.

Effective management strategies include:

• Regular inspection of orchard foliage to detect early signs of oviposition damage.
• Pruning and destroying heavily infested branches to reduce the future nymph population.
• Utilizing physical barriers like fine-mesh netting for young, sensitive trees.
• Promoting overall tree vigor to help the plant compartmentalize and recover from mechanical injuries.