Greater wax moth

The greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) is a serious pest belonging to the order Lepidoptera and the family Pyralidae. It is a highly specialized parasite that specifically targets honey bee colonies, causing significant economic damage to apiaries worldwide.

The primary objects of infestation include honeycombs, beeswax, and pollen stores within hives. The larvae prefer to inhabit combs containing bee debris, such as old brood cocoons and pollen, which provide essential nutrients for their rapid development and growth.

The life cycle encompasses egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Adult females lay eggs in cracks of the hive or directly on combs. Once hatched, the larvae tunnel through the wax, creating intricate pathways lined with silk, eventually forming tough, protective cocoons for pupation.

Damage is characterized by the destruction of honeycomb structure and the presence of webbing throughout the hive. Severe infestations can lead to the total loss of stored honey and comb material, effectively weakening the bee colony and forcing them to abandon the infested hive.

Effective management requires maintaining strong, populous bee colonies that can defend against the moths. Preventive measures include regular replacement of old, dark combs, proper cleaning of hives, and storing empty supers in cold, well-ventilated areas where the moth cannot survive or reproduce.