Brown cicada

The Brown cicada (Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata) is a significant insect species belonging to the Cicadidae family. Primarily found in East Asian regions, it is recognized as a potential pest in fruit orchards and forestry. Its presence is usually identified by the distinct, loud mating calls of the males during summer months.

Scientifically classified within the order Hemiptera, these insects possess piercing-sucking mouthparts. The biology of Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata is characterized by a long life cycle, where the majority of the developmental stages occur underground. The nymphs feed on the xylem sap of tree roots, which can persist for several years before the final molt into an adult.

The damage caused by this pest is twofold. The nymphs underground weaken the root systems of trees, hindering nutrient uptake and overall tree vigor. Meanwhile, adult females cause direct mechanical damage to branches when they insert their ovipositors into the wood to lay eggs, leading to localized tissue necrosis and branch dieback.

Management of the brown cicada requires an integrated approach. Because the larvae are subterranean, soil treatments are often ineffective or impractical in large orchard settings. Control efforts are primarily focused on the adult stage and canopy health. Protecting younger trees with physical barriers and removing branches showing signs of egg-laying activity are recommended.

Chemical control involving systemic insecticides may be necessary in areas with high population densities. It is crucial to apply these treatments during the peak emergence phase of the adults. Furthermore, maintaining soil health and providing adequate irrigation helps trees compensate for root stress, making them more resilient to the long-term impact of the infestation.