Notch-horned cleg fly

Systematic position. The notch-horned cleg fly (Haematopota pluvialis) belongs to the order Diptera and the family Tabanidae. It is a widespread species of horse fly known for its distinct mottled wing pattern and its persistent blood-feeding behavior, particularly in damp habitats and during humid weather conditions.

Affected sectors. While this insect does not consume crops directly, it is a significant pest in the livestock industry. It primarily affects cattle, horses, and sheep. The presence of these flies in large numbers leads to significant economic disruption, as the pests target grazing animals in pastures throughout the summer months.

Biology and life cycle. The life cycle involves four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Females lay clusters of eggs on the stems of aquatic or wetland plants. The larvae develop in moist or waterlogged soil, where they are predatory, feeding on other small organisms. The entire development process is strictly dependent on high environmental humidity.

Nature of damage and harmfulness. The harm caused by the notch-horned cleg fly is primarily due to its aggressive biting habits.

• Severe agitation in livestock, causing them to stop grazing.
• Significant reduction in milk yield due to stress and energy loss.
• Development of secondary skin infections and wounds at the bite sites.
• Transmission of various pathogens and diseases, threatening animal health.

Control measures. Protecting livestock requires a combination of management strategies. These include applying veterinary-approved repellents and insecticides to animals, utilizing physical trapping systems in pastures, and avoiding grazing during peak activity hours. Landscape management, such as draining stagnant water or controlling vegetation near water sources, helps reduce the population by eliminating breeding sites.