Jujubinus

The genus Jujubinus belongs to the family Trochidae (order Trochida). Although these organisms are primarily marine gastropod mollusks, in the context of agronomic risks, some members of this family can indirectly affect coastal agricultural zones. It is critical to note that while they are not direct herbivores of terrestrial crops, their presence in irrigation water and coastal soil ecosystems poses a challenge for specific saline-tolerant agricultural practices.

Crops potentially at risk in coastal regions include salt-tolerant vegetable varieties and fodder grasses grown in estuary or delta zones. High densities of these mollusks can lead to the clogging of irrigation systems and a decrease in water quality, which suppresses the root development of sensitive crops due to altered chemical conditions in the soil.

The biology of Jujubinus development is closely linked to tidal cycles and water quality parameters. The larval stage takes place in the water column, followed by settlement onto a substrate. Optimal conditions for reproduction occur at specific salinity and temperature levels, making them most active during the spring and summer periods, which coincide with the start of the crop growing season.

The damage profile is primarily indirect, involving mechanical and chemical factors. The accumulation of individuals on hydrotechnical structures hinders land reclamation and irrigation processes. Furthermore, the decomposition of mollusk biomass near agricultural fields leads to shifts in soil pH and the accumulation of organic compounds, which can trigger the development of secondary fungal pathogens on crops.

Protection measures require a comprehensive approach to monitoring coastal water and maintaining irrigation infrastructure. The primary methods of control include:

• Regular mechanical cleaning of water intake structures from mollusk clusters.
• Monitoring and control of water salinity levels to prevent population explosions.
• Application of specialized biocides approved for use in aquaculture and coastal zones.
• Establishment of filter barriers to prevent the ingress of marine organisms into freshwater irrigation canals.