Monostyla

Systematic position. Monostyla (Monostyla) belongs to the phylum Rotifera, class Monogononta. These are microscopic, primarily freshwater organisms that can become undesirable pests in specific environments such as hydroponic systems, aquaponics, or industrial algae cultivation tanks, where they compete for resources or interfere with crop development.

Crops affected. This pest primarily targets plants grown in hydroponic and aquaponic setups, as well as industrial basins for microalgae production. By feeding on beneficial phytoplankton and bacteria, it disrupts the stability of the nutrient medium, which is essential for the healthy growth of plants and the development of fish fry in integrated systems.

Biology and life cycle. The life cycle of Monostyla is characterized by rapid reproduction rates under optimal temperature conditions. Adult individuals possess a distinct lorica (shell) and a mobile foot with a toe-like appendage. Reproduction occurs primarily through parthenogenesis, enabling the population density to reach critical levels in a very short period.

Nature of damage and harmfulness. The harm caused manifests as growth retardation in plants due to the depletion of the nutrient solution and the disturbance of the system's biological balance. Rotifers actively consume single-celled algae and bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle, resulting in nutrient deficiencies and a significant decrease in the overall productivity of the biosystem.

Control measures. Managing the population of this pest involves several key strategies:

• Filtration of nutrient solutions using fine-mesh membranes.
• Ultraviolet (UV) water sterilization to eliminate eggs and prevent colonization.
• Optimization of pH levels and mineral content, which can inhibit colony growth.
• Regular and thorough disinfection of all equipment and containers using professional-grade sanitizers.