Bud moth

Systematic position. The bud moth (Spilonota albicana) belongs to the order Lepidoptera, family Tortricidae. It is a highly specialized pest that targets fruit-bearing trees, often causing economic losses in orchards by destroying reproductive structures early in the growing season.

Host plants. The larvae feed on a variety of fruit trees, including apples, pears, cherries, plums, and apricots. While they can survive on various rosaceous plants, their impact is most significant in commercial apple orchards and stone fruit nurseries, where bud health is critical for tree development.

Biology and life cycle. The species completes one generation per year. Larvae overwinter in the second instar inside silken cocoons located in crevices of the bark or near bud scales. As temperatures rise in early spring, the larvae emerge and bore into swelling buds, which is the most sensitive period for the host trees.

Damage and pest status. The larvae feed initially on the inner tissues of the buds. As the season progresses, they web together leaves and blossom clusters into characteristic nests. This feeding activity results in destroyed buds, prevented fruit set, and skeletonized foliage, significantly reducing the overall photosynthetic capacity of the tree.

Control measures. Integrated pest management (IPM) is essential for controlling Spilonota albicana. Targeted insecticide applications during the "green tip" to "pink bud" stages are the most effective chemical approach. Furthermore, maintaining tree hygiene, such as removing dead bark and pruning infested twigs, can significantly reduce the overwintering population density.

• Timely application of contact and systemic insecticides.
• Removal of overwintering sites during winter pruning.
• Monitoring adult flight using pheromone traps to time treatments.