Ring-necked dove

Systematic position: The Ring-necked dove (Streptopelia capicola), also known as the Cape turtle dove, belongs to the order Columbiformes and the family Columbidae. In its native range across sub-Saharan Africa, this species is considered a significant agricultural pest due to its high population density and dietary reliance on cultivated cereal crops.

Crops damaged: The species poses a severe threat to various cereal grains, including sorghum, maize, millet, wheat, and sunflower seeds. The birds are particularly destructive during the planting season, when they dig up and consume seeds from the soil, and again during the ripening phase, when they feed directly on the maturing grains, causing substantial yield losses.

Biology and life cycle: The Ring-necked dove is highly adaptable and opportunistic, often breeding year-round if food and water are available. Their nests are typically placed in trees, bushes, or even man-made structures near farms. Due to their ability to raise multiple broods per year, their population numbers can increase rapidly, creating constant pressure on agricultural lands.

Nature of damage and economic impact: Damage is characterized by large flocks feeding in concentrated areas. They do not only consume seeds and grains but also trample emerging seedlings, causing patchy field development. The economic impact is twofold: immediate yield reduction and additional labor/material costs associated with replanting and implementing bird-scaring measures throughout the growing season.

Protection measures: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is essential for controlling Ring-necked dove populations on farms:

• Deploying automated gas cannons and predatory bird distress call systems.
• Using physical deterrents like bird netting or visual scare devices (reflective tape, effigies).
• Implementing early harvesting practices to minimize the duration that crops are vulnerable.
• Modifying surrounding habitats to remove nesting and resting sites near fields.