Spotted dove

Systematic position: The spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis) belongs to the order Columbiformes and the family Columbidae. This bird is distinguished by a distinctive black-and-white patch on the back of the neck and is commonly found in agricultural landscapes where it often acts as a pest to field crops.

Crops affected: The species poses a significant threat to cereal and oilseed crops. It is known to feed extensively on rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, and millet. In addition to grains, the spotted dove often targets newly sown vegetable seeds and young sprouts, leading to thin and uneven crop stands that require reseeding.

Biology and life cycle: Spotted doves are sedentary birds that thrive in agricultural environments. They are prolific breeders, capable of producing multiple clutches throughout the year. Their nests are typically located in trees or shrubs near food sources, allowing the population to remain close to vulnerable fields for long periods.

Damage and economic impact: The primary economic damage occurs during the sowing phase and the grain-filling stage. By foraging in large flocks, these birds can significantly reduce yield through direct consumption of grains and mechanical damage to seedlings. Their presence also causes soil compaction and can lead to the spread of weed seeds across managed fields.

Control measures: Managing spotted dove populations requires integrated deterrent strategies.

• Deployment of bio-acoustic devices emitting predator calls.
• Usage of visual deterrents such as reflective tape or falcon-shaped kites.
• Proper soil cultivation to ensure seeds are buried deep enough to avoid immediate detection by birds.
• Use of netting or protective covers in high-value garden crops.