Processionary moth

The Processionary moth (Thaumetopoea) belongs to the Thaumetopoeidae family within the order Lepidoptera. These moths are widely recognized for the gregarious behavior of their larvae, which travel in long, linear processions along tree trunks or branches to search for new feeding sites.

These pests primarily infest forest trees, most notably pines and oaks. Infestations are characterized by significant defoliation, which severely stresses the host trees, reducing their growth rates and vitality. Repeated outbreaks can lead to the death of trees, especially when combined with drought or other environmental stressors.

The life cycle involves an annual cycle with eggs overwintering on host twigs or needles. Upon hatching in the spring, larvae construct large, visible silken nests. These nests act as communal shelters where they reside during the day, emerging at night to feed. Once mature, the caterpillars descend to the ground to pupate in the soil.

Damage assessment is critical, as caterpillars consume large quantities of foliage. Furthermore, these larvae are covered in microscopic, venomous hairs that can cause severe skin irritation (dermatitis), allergic reactions, and respiratory issues in humans and pets. This dual threat to forestry and public health necessitates careful and timely monitoring.

• Mechanical removal and burning of nests during the early stages.
• Deployment of pheromone traps to monitor and disrupt mating cycles.
• Application of biological pesticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis.
• Targeted insecticide treatments during the early larval development.
• Encouraging natural predators such as birds and parasitic wasps.