White-backed leopard moth

Systematic position: Zeuzera leuconotum is a species belonging to the order Lepidoptera and the family Cossidae. As a wood-boring moth, it represents a significant challenge for arboriculture and forestry management in specific regions of its distribution.

Host plants: This pest primarily affects fruit trees, including apples, pears, and plums. It is known to target both young saplings and mature trees, often preferring species that are already experiencing some level of physiological stress or poor health.

Biology and life cycle: The life cycle involves a lengthy larval stage during which the moth develops inside the woody tissues of the host. Females typically lay eggs on the bark. Once hatched, the larvae tunnel into the cambium and xylem, where they remain protected from environmental factors and predators for most of their development cycle.

Damage and economic impact: The larvae damage the vascular system of the tree, significantly impairing the transport of water and nutrients. This results in the dieback of branches, stunted growth, and in severe cases, the death of the entire tree. The presence of wood dust (frass) at the entry points is a diagnostic sign of an active infestation.

Control measures: Management of Zeuzera leuconotum is challenging due to the concealed behavior of the larvae. Integrated management includes regular orchard inspection to remove and destroy infested wood. Chemical control is most effective when timed during the period of egg hatching before the larvae bore deep into the bark. Additionally, promoting tree vitality through proper nutrition reduces the risk of successful infestation.