Buggy-whip

Buggy-whip is a physiological growth disorder in corn, typically associated with herbicide injury rather than a biological pathogen. The term describes the appearance of the corn plant when its upper leaves fail to unfurl correctly, resembling a whip, which hinders normal development during the vegetative stage.

The disorder is primarily caused by the application of certain herbicides, such as growth regulators or ALS inhibitors, especially when the plant is experiencing environmental stress. Rapid temperature fluctuations between day and night prevent the corn plant from metabolizing the herbicide effectively, leading to localized tissue toxicity.

The primary symptom is the failure of the whorl to open. The tips of the emerging leaves become trapped within the unfurled leaves below them. This leads to severe twisting and tearing of the foliage as the plant continues to push upwards. In some cases, the whorl remains tightly bound, preventing the normal exposure of the tassel.

The economic impact of the Buggy-whip effect ranges from minor delays in maturity to significant yield losses. If the plant remains trapped for an extended period, it may lead to stunted growth, reduced photosynthetic area, and potential damage to the reproductive structures, such as the ear and tassel development.

Management and prevention require careful adherence to herbicide label instructions, specifically regarding application timing and environmental restrictions. Growers should avoid spraying during periods of extreme temperature swings or cold spells. Utilizing specialized tank-mix additives or bio-stimulants can help mitigate metabolic stress after herbicide exposure.