Chaetomiaceae fungi

The Chaetomiaceae family consists of ascomycetous fungi that act primarily as saprotrophs but can become significant pathogens causing seed decay and seedling blight. These fungi are notorious for colonizing plant seeds and debris, especially in environments where biological decomposition is hampered by high moisture and poor soil aeration.

Cereal crops, corn, and certain vegetable species are the most frequent targets of these fungi. The pathogens attack seeds during the germination stage, effectively consuming the nutrients stored in the endosperm. This results in poor emergence, weak seedlings, and in severe cases, the complete death of the crop stand shortly after sowing.

Symptoms of infestation are characterized by the appearance of dark, fuzzy, often black or deep olive-colored mycelial growth on the surface of seeds and roots. Infected tissues typically undergo necrosis, turning brown or black as the fungus breaks down the plant cells. The presence of these fungi is a clear indicator that the seed vigor is significantly compromised.

The development of Chaetomiaceae is heavily dependent on environmental conditions, particularly high soil moisture and warm temperatures. If seeds remain dormant in the soil for too long due to cold or waterlogged conditions, they become prime targets for these opportunistic fungi. Field practices that improve water drainage and soil aeration are crucial in limiting their spread.

Integrated management is essential for preventing losses caused by this family of fungi. The primary method of control is the preventive treatment of seeds with broad-spectrum fungicides.

• Apply certified fungicide seed dressings.
• Ensure optimal sowing depth for rapid germination.
• Practice good field drainage to avoid waterlogging.
• Maintain proper storage conditions to prevent moisture accumulation.