Diatrypales fungi

The order Diatrypales comprises a group of ascomycete fungi that are primarily saprotrophic, yet many species act as parasites or facultative pathogens on woody plants. These microorganisms are responsible for various types of necrosis in bark and wood tissues, leading to the gradual decline and eventual death of the affected plant sections.

These fungi infect a wide range of deciduous and coniferous tree species. In agronomy and forestry, they are particularly dangerous for fruit trees, vineyards, and ornamental plantations. The pathogen frequently targets weakened trees, entering through mechanical wounds, pruning cuts, or frost cracks.

A primary symptom of the disease is the development of characteristic stromata on the bark surface—dense fungal mats appearing as black bumps or discs. Tissues in the infected area become necrotic and fissured, while the wood beneath the bark shows significant discoloration. Widespread infection can result in the loss of individual branches or the death of the entire tree.

The spread and development of Diatrypales are facilitated by high humidity and moderate temperatures. Spores are dispersed by wind and rain, colonizing vulnerable sites on the host plant. They are particularly active during prolonged rainy periods when the plant's immune system is compromised by adverse environmental conditions or stress factors.

Management strategies require a comprehensive agro-technical approach. Key measures include:

• Sanitary pruning of infected branches.
• Disinfection of pruning tools after use.
• Sealing pruning wounds with grafting wax or fungicidal pastes.
• Maintaining plant vigor through balanced nutrition and pest control.