Muratovskaya

Autumn variety selected by VNIISPK, obtained in 1975 by crossing seedling 5-18-116 [seedling Yakovleva 111 (Ussuri pear 'Ch Lesnaya Krasavitsa') Ch Lyubimitsa Klappa] with the Williams variety. Breeders: E. N. Sedov, A. G. Kuznetsova, N. G. Krasova.

The variety is recommended for the Central Chernozem zone and has gained popularity among amateur gardeners, where it is most widely grown. It represents considerable interest for farm and commercial orchards.

Trees of medium size. The crown is broad-pyramidal, of medium density. Branches diverge from the trunk at a sharp angle, curved, arranged compactly. Bark on the trunk and main branches is smooth and gray. The predominant type of fruit formation is simple and complex rings.

Shoots are straight, round in cross-section, brown, bare. Buds on the shoot are few, small, gray. Buds are slightly bent away from the shoot, large, conical, smooth. Leaves are large, elongated-ovate, long-pointed, green, smooth, shiny, with delicate venation. Leaf blade is concave, without hairs. Leaf margin is finely serrated, pink. Petiole is long, medium thickness, without hairs. Flower buds are smooth, large, acute-conical.

Flowers are white, medium or large size, petals rounded, appressed, stigma located at the level of the stamens.

Fruits of medium size (130 g), one-dimensional, pear-shaped, with ribbing at the fruit apex, slightly tapered. Skin is delicate, smooth, oily, dull. Main color at harvest is greenish-yellow, and at consumption — golden-yellow. Cover color is approximately on half the surface of the fruit as red blush and stripes. Peduncle is short, thick, upright. Fruit calyx is half-open. Receptacle is small, grooved. Fruit core is small, elliptical. Seed chambers are closed. Subcalyx tube is short, medium width, broad-conical. Seeds are large, conical, brown.

Flesh is light-yellow, dense, tender, oily, juicy, sweet-sour taste with slight aroma. Fruit appearance is rated 4.5 points, taste 4.3 points. Chemical composition of fruits: dry matter — 11.6%; total sugars — 7.80%, ascorbic acid — 6.1 mg/100g; P-active substances — 94 mg/100g.

Harvesting maturity in the Oryol region occurs in the last decade of August — beginning of September, fruits can be stored until November.

The variety is early-bearing and high-yielding; over 10 years of fruiting, average yield was 150 centners/ha, with peak yields reaching 200–220 centners/ha. Winter hardiness in the Oryol region is sufficient. The variety is resistant to fruit and leaf scab.

Advantages of the variety: early bearing, high yield, high ecological resistance, high-quality autumn-ripening fruits of good taste.