Ancistrotermes latinotus

Systematic position. This species belongs to the order Isoptera, family Termitidae. It is a significant soil-dwelling termite species predominantly found in sub-Saharan Africa, where it causes substantial economic damage to agricultural systems by targeting various plant species.

Susceptible crops and impact. The species is highly polyphagous, attacking a wide range of important agricultural crops. Primary hosts include maize, sorghum, millet, and cotton. Furthermore, Ancistrotermes latinotus is known to cause damage to young fruit trees and nurseries, often leading to total loss of seedlings and significant yield reductions in established fields.

Biology and life cycle. These termites live in complex underground gallery systems. A typical colony consists of castes, including workers, soldiers, and reproductives. The life cycle involves a gradual metamorphosis. Their behavior is strongly influenced by the availability of moisture and organic matter; however, in dry conditions, they aggressively attack living plant tissues to obtain both nutrition and water.

Damage patterns. Damage occurs underground where the termites feed on roots and the base of the stems. Because the damage is subterranean, infestations often go unnoticed until the plants begin to wilt, lodge, or die suddenly. Heavy infestations can lead to gaps in crop stands, which makes fields vulnerable to weed encroachment and erosion.

Control measures. Integrated pest management (IPM) is essential for controlling this pest. Recommended strategies include:

• Deep tillage to disrupt subterranean nests.
• Application of soil-applied insecticides (e.g., fipronil) as a preventive measure.
• Maintaining soil fertility to boost plant vigor against attacks.
• Using resistant crop varieties where available.
• Proper crop residue management to keep termites focused on non-living organic matter.