Angular froghopper

Systematic position. The angular froghopper (Aphrophora angulata) belongs to the order Hemiptera and the family Aphrophoridae. These insects undergo incomplete metamorphosis and are recognized by their unique ability to form spittle-like protective masses during their nymphal stages, which is why they are often referred to as spittlebugs.

Affected crops. This species is a polyphagous pest, meaning it feeds on a wide range of host plants. It primarily affects woody plants, including orchard trees such as apples, pears, cherries, and plums. It is also frequently found on various ornamental shrubs and common broad-leaved forest trees, focusing on tender, rapidly growing shoots.

Biology and life cycle. The life cycle comprises the egg, nymph, and adult stages. The insect overwinters in the egg stage, typically deposited under the bark or near the buds of host plants. Upon hatching in spring, the nymphs begin feeding on plant sap. They produce a frothy substance to hide from predators and prevent desiccation. After passing through several molts, they develop into winged adults capable of flying to new host plants.

Nature of damage and harm. Both nymphs and adults cause damage by piercing the plant tissue and sucking out sap. This feeding process results in leaf curling, stunt growth of new shoots, and chlorosis. Heavy infestations significantly reduce the vigor of the plant, potentially leading to reduced fruit yields and making the plant more susceptible to secondary infections like fungal pathogens that thrive in the frothy secretions.

Control measures. Integrated pest management (IPM) is crucial for controlling this insect.

• Sanitary pruning to remove branches infested with nymphs during the early season.
• Application of systemic insecticides during the peak activity of nymphs if populations exceed thresholds.
• Maintaining healthy plant nutrition to ensure natural resistance against sap-sucking pests.
• Promoting biodiversity in the orchard to encourage natural predators, such as spiders and birds, that feed on froghoppers.