European earwig (forest species)

Taxonomic classification: The earwig Apterygidia media belongs to the order Dermaptera and the family Forficulidae. Often referred to as a forest-dwelling earwig, it is characterized by its elongated, flattened body and prominent forceps (cerci) at the end of the abdomen. While it is primarily associated with wooded habitats, its ecological plasticity allows it to move into agricultural landscapes when environmental conditions are suitable.

Affected crops: This insect is a generalist feeder that can cause economic damage to a variety of horticultural and agricultural crops. It frequently attacks soft fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, often feeding on ripe fruit. Additionally, it can damage vegetable crops like lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers, particularly in gardens located near wooded areas or where organic mulch creates high humidity.

Biology and life cycle: The life cycle involves incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolism). Adults overwinter in protected sites such as soil cracks, under leaf litter, or within tree bark. In the spring, females deposit eggs in subterranean chambers and exhibit maternal care, which is a unique behavioral trait for this order. Typically, the species completes one generation per year, depending on local climate conditions and available food sources.

Damage and pest status: As nocturnal organisms, these earwigs remain hidden during the day in crevices or under debris. Damage is characterized by irregular chewing patterns on foliage, buds, and flowers. On fruits, they often bore deep, unsightly holes. This feeding activity not only reduces marketability but also creates entry points for secondary fungal and bacterial rots, which can lead to significant post-harvest losses if left unmanaged.

• Maintain garden hygiene by removing debris and mulch that serves as a daytime refuge.
• Implement trap cropping or use moistened cardboard traps to collect and remove adults.
• Till the soil in early spring and late autumn to disturb overwintering sites.
• Encourage natural predators such as birds, toads, and ground beetles in the garden.
• Apply targeted insecticides in the evening only when population thresholds are exceeded.