Southern earwig

Systematic position. The southern earwig (Forficula decipiens) belongs to the order Dermaptera and the family Forficulidae. This species is taxonomically related to the common earwig but exhibits specific environmental adaptations that make it a common resident in gardens and agricultural fields in warmer climates, often going unnoticed due to its nocturnal activity.

Host plants and damage. As a polyphagous insect, it poses a significant threat to a wide range of horticultural and ornamental plants. It frequently attacks flowers such as dahlias and chrysanthemums, as well as vegetables including lettuce and tomatoes. The damage caused by these insects can reduce both the visual appeal of ornamental plantings and the overall marketable yield of food crops.

Biology and life cycle. Forficula decipiens undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. The insects are nocturnal and prefer dark, moist, and sheltered environments during the daylight hours, such as under mulch, stones, or inside plant foliage. A notable aspect of their biology is the maternal care provided by females, which tend to their eggs and early-stage nymphs, significantly increasing the survival rate of the offspring.

Damage patterns. The damage manifests as irregular holes in leaves and chewed edges of flowers and plant buds. Because they feed on soft tissues, their presence can lead to stunted growth and premature loss of foliage. Additionally, the feeding wounds create entry points for secondary pathogens like bacteria and fungi, which can cause rotting of fruit and stems, further exacerbating the impact of the pest.

Control measures. Integrated pest management (IPM) is essential for controlling southern earwig populations. This includes maintaining garden sanitation by removing debris and weeds that serve as daytime refuges. Trapping techniques, such as placing rolled cardboard tubes or damp cloth traps, are highly effective for physical removal. In severe infestations, registered contact insecticides applied in the late evening may be necessary.