Lateral carpenter ant

Systematic position. The lateral carpenter ant (Camponotus lateralis) belongs to the order Hymenoptera and the family Formicidae. These ants are known for their ability to nest in wood, often causing distress to fruit and ornamental trees in their habitats.

Crops affected. This species frequently targets various fruit-bearing trees such as apple, pear, apricot, and woody vines. They are particularly attracted to decaying or damaged sections of the trunk and branches where they can easily establish their galleries.

Biology and life cycle. Like other carpenter ants, they exhibit a complex social structure with distinct castes. Their life cycle consists of egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. They thrive by utilizing the natural hollows and wood fibers of trees to maintain the optimal humidity and temperature required for brood development.

Nature of damage and harmfulness. The ants cause harm by excavating tunnels within the wood, which compromises the structural integrity of the plant. This damage invites moisture and fungal pathogens, potentially leading to tree decline. Additionally, they have a symbiotic relationship with aphids, farming them and protecting them from predators, which leads to secondary plant damage.

Control measures. Integrated pest management (IPM) is crucial, starting with pruning and removing dead or diseased wood. If an infestation is present, the use of targeted insecticide baits is recommended to eliminate the colony at its source. Maintaining tree health through proper fertilization and wound care will significantly reduce the risk of carpenter ant colonization.