White-lipped snail

The white-lipped snail (Cepaea hortensis) is a species of air-breathing land snail within the family Helicidae. Often found in gardens and hedgerows, this mollusk is recognized by its distinctive shell and is considered a minor to moderate pest in horticultural environments, depending on local population density.

This snail species feeds on a wide range of plants, showing a strong preference for succulent tissues. Common targets include lettuce, cabbage, strawberries, and various herbaceous ornamentals. Their feeding habits can be particularly devastating to young seedlings, which may be entirely consumed or severely stunted by grazing.

The biology of Cepaea hortensis is dictated by moisture availability. As nocturnal herbivores, they remain inactive in cool, dark, or moist retreats during the day. Reproduction is seasonal; snails lay clutches of eggs in damp soil. The juveniles grow rapidly under favorable conditions, which usually involve mild temperatures and high atmospheric or soil moisture.

Damage caused by this snail appears as irregular holes and frayed edges on leaves, often leading to the skeletonization of foliage. Beyond the direct consumption of plant material, these snails leave behind trails of mucus that reduce the aesthetic value of ornamental plants and can contaminate produce, making it unsuitable for market or consumption.

Effective management strategies combine cultural and chemical practices. Sanitizing the garden by removing weeds and plant debris reduces hiding spots. Barriers such as copper tape, crushed eggshells, or coarse sand can deter snails from reaching sensitive areas. For heavy infestations, iron phosphate-based baits are recommended, as they provide an effective control measure while being safer for non-target wildlife.