Cornitermes bequaerti

Taxonomic position. Cornitermes bequaerti belongs to the order Isoptera (termites), family Termitidae. It is a significant termite species found in South American tropical and subtropical regions, having evolved to consume wood and organic debris as its primary food source.

Host plants. The primary concern regarding this pest is its impact on forest plantations, particularly eucalyptus trees. Furthermore, it can damage young fruit tree saplings and agricultural crops when their cultivation expands into areas where established termite colonies reside.

Biology and life cycle. These termites live in large colonies within complex underground nest structures. The life cycle comprises various castes, including workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals. Soil moisture and the availability of cellulose-based organic matter are critical factors for successful colony growth and nest maintenance.

Damage and economic impact. The damage occurs primarily to the root system and the base of the plant stem. Termites excavate galleries within the wood, which obstruct nutrient uptake and water transport. Affected plants often suffer from poor growth, susceptibility to secondary pathogens, and total collapse due to the destruction of their structural root systems.

Control measures. Controlling this species is challenging due to its subterranean nature. Recommended strategies include the application of systemic insecticides to the soil during planting to create a protective zone. Additionally, the use of slow-acting bait stations is highly effective, as worker termites transfer the toxicant back to the nest, leading to the eradication of the entire colony, including the queen.