Microhodotermes

Systematic position. The insect belongs to the order Isoptera (termites) and the family Hodotermitidae. Species of the genus Microhodotermes are specialized termites adapted to life in arid and semi-arid climates, where they act as active decomposers of plant debris and live plant tissues.

Biology and life cycle. These insects lead a concealed lifestyle, constructing their nests deep within the soil. Unlike many other termite species, they frequently emerge onto the surface to forage for food, which makes them more detectable to agronomists. The life cycle comprises the egg stage, nymph stage, and adult stage, with a distinct caste system consisting of workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals.

Nature of damage. The pest exhibits activity primarily at night or during overcast weather. Worker termites cut fragments of stems, leaves, and dry grass, transporting them back to the nest. During periods of drought, when natural vegetation is depleted, they switch to agricultural crops, often leading to the complete loss of yields in affected areas.

Affected crops. Microhodotermes causes significant damage to cereal crops, vegetables, and young tree saplings. They also pose a serious threat to pastures, as they destroy ground cover, contributing to soil erosion and reducing the productivity of grazing lands in the arid regions of Africa and the Middle East.

Control measures. Controlling these termites is challenging due to their deep subterranean nesting habits. Key management strategies include:

• Utilization of toxic baits that worker individuals transport back to the colony.
• Application of soil insecticides in areas where active foraging tunnels are identified.
• Adherence to crop rotation and prompt removal of plant residues that attract the insects.
• Deployment of resistant plant varieties in endemic regions.