Proserpinus proserpina

Proserpinus proserpina, commonly known as the Willowherb Hawkmoth, is a member of the Sphingidae family within the Lepidoptera order. This moth is distinguished by its unique serrated wing margins and olive-brown coloration, which serves as an effective camouflage. While the adults are pollinators, the larval stage is recognized for its potential impact on specific plant families.

The primary host plants for the larvae are species within the Onagraceae family, particularly Willowherb (Epilobium) and Evening Primrose (Oenothera). In horticultural settings, these larvae can become problematic when they target decorative Oenothera species, leading to significant defoliation and compromising the ornamental value of the planting.

The life cycle involves a complete metamorphosis, typically consisting of one generation per year. The insect overwinters as a pupa, buried in the soil or within leaf litter near the host plant. Adult emergence usually occurs between May and July. After mating, females lay eggs on the leaves of host plants, and the subsequent larval stage lasts for several weeks until pupation begins.

The damage caused by Proserpinus proserpina involves intensive consumption of leaves, which can lead to severe stunting of plant growth. Because the larvae are often active at night and possess protective coloration, they can remain undetected until the plants show visible signs of distress, such as ragged leaves or complete stripping of foliage on individual stems.

Management strategies focus on cultural practices to minimize infestation. Maintaining clean planting areas by removing host weeds like Epilobium helps reduce the local population. For small infestations, manual removal is often effective. In cases of high pest density, using biological insecticides, such as products containing Bacillus thuringiensis, provides a targeted approach without harming beneficial pollinators.