Mango scab fungus

Elsinoe mangiferae is an ascomycete fungus that serves as the primary causal agent of mango scab. It belongs to the family Elsinoaceae and specifically targets the Mangifera indica species. This pathogen is considered one of the most economically significant diseases in mango-producing regions worldwide due to its destructive impact on fruit yield and quality.

The disease symptoms include the development of small, circular, or irregular lesions on leaves, stems, and fruit surfaces. These lesions eventually turn into raised, corky scabs. When severe, the infection causes significant deformation of the fruit, making them unsellable. Infected inflorescences often fail to set fruit, leading to substantial quantitative yield losses.

The biological cycle of the fungus is characterized by the production of conidia in acervuli on the surface of infected plant parts. These spores are disseminated primarily through rain splash and wind. The pathogen thrives in humid, warm climates, utilizing moisture to germinate and penetrate the epidermal layers of susceptible host tissues.

Favorable conditions for Elsinoe mangiferae development include extended periods of high humidity and temperatures between 20°C and 28°C. During these conditions, the fungus can complete its life cycle rapidly, leading to secondary infections throughout the growing season. The pathogen survives the off-season in dormant buds, infected twigs, and fallen leaves, serving as primary inoculum for the next crop.

Integrated disease management strategies are essential for effective control:

• Sanitation through the removal and destruction of infected twigs and debris.
• Maintaining open tree canopies through pruning to improve air circulation and reduce humidity.
• Application of copper-based fungicides during the critical stages of flowering and fruit set.
• Rotation of systemic fungicides to prevent the development of resistant fungal strains.
• Strategic selection of resistant or less susceptible mango varieties.