Marasmius sacchari

Marasmius sacchari is a basidiomycete fungus belonging to the Marasmiaceae family. It is a well-known agricultural pathogen primarily responsible for causing root rot and sheath rot in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The fungus attacks the underground parts and lower stem tissues, leading to significant economic losses in tropical agriculture.

The primary host for this pathogen is sugarcane. Upon infection, the fungus invades the root system and the base of the stalks, causing tissue necrosis and structural decay. This physiological disruption prevents the plant from absorbing essential nutrients and water, resulting in stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, and a drastic reduction in sugar yield and quality.

The biology of Marasmius sacchari centers on the production of mycelium and basidiospores. Spores are primarily disseminated through wind, rain splashes, and farm equipment. The fungus is soil-borne, meaning it can persist in decaying organic matter or infected crop residues, acting as a dormant reservoir of infection between growing seasons.

Environmental conditions play a critical role in the disease outbreak. High soil moisture levels and warm temperatures create an ideal microclimate for fungal colonization. Fields with poor drainage and restricted airflow are particularly susceptible to infection, as these conditions favor spore germination and the rapid spread of the pathogen through the crop stand.

Controlling this pathogen requires an integrated approach to reduce inoculum levels and protect healthy plants:

• Selection of resistant or tolerant sugarcane cultivars.
• Utilization of disease-free planting material to prevent initial spread.
• Implementation of proper field drainage to reduce soil moisture levels.
• Removal and destruction of infected stubble and crop residues after harvest.