Eupulvinaria scale

The genus Eupulvinaria belongs to the family Coccidae (soft scales) within the order Hemiptera. These insects are specialized pests that lead a sedentary lifestyle, attaching themselves firmly to the surface of plant tissues. In taxonomy, this genus is often grouped with species previously classified under the genus Pulvinaria, due to the significant similarity in the morphological characteristics of the adult females.

The pest affects a wide range of crops, including fruit trees, berry bushes, and numerous ornamental plants, particularly those preferring warmer climates. Colonies of these insects are frequently found on citrus, various broad-leaved trees, and shrubs in parks, orchards, and greenhouses. Damage occurs in both protected and open field conditions, especially in regions with temperate and subtropical climates.

The biology of Eupulvinaria is characterized by the presence of a distinct egg sac, which the female constructs from white, waxy secretions. Usually, second-instar larvae or fertilized females overwinter, becoming active with the onset of spring. After intensive feeding, the females begin laying eggs inside the protective, cotton-like ovisac. Depending on the ambient temperature, the development of a single generation can span several months.

The primary damage is caused by the extraction of cell sap from the tissues of leaves and young shoots. As a result, the plants weaken, their growth is significantly stunted, and the foliage may become deformed or drop prematurely. Furthermore, the sticky honeydew secreted by the scale insects promotes the growth of sooty mold, which blocks photosynthesis, severely reducing both the aesthetic value and the productivity of the affected plants.

An effective protection program includes a complex of agrotechnical and chemical measures. Regular monitoring during the crawler emergence period is crucial, as the pest is most vulnerable at this stage of its life cycle. The application of systemic insecticides is highly effective in reducing population density. Additionally, mechanical cleaning of trunks and branches, combined with the use of horticultural oils to eliminate overwintering stages, is strongly recommended.