Mediterranean root-lesion nematode

Systematic position: The Mediterranean root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus mediterraneus, is classified within the phylum Nematoda, class Chromadorea, order Tylenchida, and family Pratylenchidae. It is recognized as a migratory endoparasite, meaning it constantly moves through plant tissue rather than staying in a sedentary state.

Affected crops: This pest has a wide host range, posing a significant threat to cereals like wheat and barley, as well as legumes, including chickpea and lentil. The nematode infests the rhizosphere, causing direct damage to the roots of these economically important crops, which often leads to substantial yield reductions globally.

Biology and lifecycle: The lifecycle of Pratylenchus mediterraneus consists of the egg, four juvenile stages, and the adult stage. The nematodes can survive in soil or root debris as eggs or juveniles during adverse environmental conditions. Once environmental conditions are favorable, they penetrate the root cortex, where they feed and multiply within the root tissue, causing cellular destruction.

Damage and pathogenicity: The feeding activity leads to necrosis, cell death, and lesions on the root surface. Above-ground symptoms include stunting, chlorosis, and reduced vigor, often resembling nutrient deficiencies or water stress. The root systems of infested plants become sparse and dark, limiting the plant's ability to absorb water and minerals effectively.

Management strategies: Controlling this nematode is challenging due to its ability to persist in the soil. Recommended management strategies include:

• Implementing crop rotation with non-host or resistant crops to break the life cycle.
• Using certified nematode-free seeds or planting materials.
• Applying soil fumigants or nematicides in fields with high infestation levels.
• Maintaining soil health and fertility to improve plant tolerance to stress caused by the nematodes.