Trichoderma root rot

Trichoderma root rot is a plant disease incited by Trichoderma harzianum. While this fungus is widely recognized for its antagonistic properties against other pathogens, under specific environmental stresses, it can turn into a necrotrophic parasite capable of causing significant root damage in diverse crops.

The disease affects a variety of plant species, with crops like chickpeas being particularly vulnerable during the seedling stage. When conditions favor the fungus, it compromises root integrity, leading to stunted growth, nutrient deficiency, and reduced vigor in field stands.

Symptoms initially appear as localized discoloration on the root surface, which quickly progresses to wet rot. As the disease advances, the root system loses its functionality, resulting in chlorosis of the foliage, drooping, and potential wilting of the entire plant as the vascular tissues fail.

Favorable conditions for infection include excessive soil moisture, poor soil aeration, and cool to moderate temperatures. The pathogen survives as a saprophyte in crop residues and infects roots through natural openings or wounds, often exacerbated by the activity of soil-dwelling pests.

Effective disease management requires an integrated approach. Growers should focus on using healthy, certified seeds, improving soil structure through tillage practices to enhance drainage, and strictly adhering to crop rotation schedules to reduce pathogen inoculum in the soil.