Strawberry latent ringspot virus

Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) is a significant plant pathogen belonging to the Nepovirus genus. This virus is characterized by a very broad host range, affecting various berry crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants, often causing systemic infections that persist throughout the life of the plant.

The biological cycle of this virus is heavily dependent on soil-inhabiting nematodes of the genus Xiphinema. These vectors acquire the virus by feeding on the roots of infected plants and transmit it to healthy ones. The persistence of the virus in the soil, combined with the longevity of its vectors, creates a major challenge for soil-borne disease management.

The virus causes various symptoms, such as chlorotic ringspots, leaf distortion, and stunted growth. In many cases, the infection remains latent, showing no visible symptoms while still reducing the plant's overall yield and vigor. This latent nature makes visual inspection insufficient for ensuring the health of nursery stock.

Environmental factors such as high soil moisture and moderate temperatures provide ideal conditions for the movement and reproduction of the nematode vectors. The virus is also spread via mechanical transmission during cultural practices like pruning or harvesting, which facilitates its rapid movement across a production site.

Effective control measures focus on an integrated approach:

• Testing soil for the presence of virus-carrying nematodes before planting.
• Utilizing certified virus-free planting material from reputable nurseries.
• Implementing rigorous nematode management practices, including soil fumigation.
• Weed control to eliminate alternative hosts that reservoir the virus.
• Sanitation measures to prevent the spread of sap through contaminated tools.