Sweet potato (as a host for phytopathogens)

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a vital global crop, but in agricultural pathology, it serves as a critical host for various plant pathogens. The plant acts as a reservoir for fungal, bacterial, and viral agents that can persist in the soil or spread through infected propagation material, impacting yields across entire farms.

Systematically, the plant belongs to the Convolvulaceae family and the genus Ipomoea. Its physiological characteristics make it a prime target for specific pathogens, most notably Streptomyces ipomoeae, which causes soil rot, and Fusarium oxysporum f. batatas, the primary driver of vascular wilt in sweet potato cultivars.

The most devastating diseases include Black rot (Ceratocystis fimbriata), Rhizopus soft rot, and several viral complexes transmitted by aphid vectors. These diseases manifest as stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, black necrotic lesions on the storage roots, and internal vascular browning, rendering the crop unmarketable.

The life cycle and development of these pathogens are heavily influenced by environmental factors such as soil moisture, drainage, and temperature. Pathogens generally overwinter in the soil or within infected root tubers, spreading rapidly when conditions favor mycelial growth or bacterial multiplication, particularly in humid and warm climates.

Integrated management is essential for controlling these threats. Growers should focus on using disease-free cuttings, implementing a strict 3-to-4-year crop rotation, and ensuring excellent field drainage. Post-harvest sanitation is equally important; keeping storage facilities well-ventilated and cool significantly reduces the risk of soft rot outbreaks.