Drywood termite (Glyptotermes brevicornis)

Systematic position. Glyptotermes brevicornis belongs to the order Isoptera and the family Kalotermitidae, commonly known as drywood termites. Unlike subterranean species, they do not require contact with the soil to survive, as they obtain sufficient moisture directly from the wood they consume, making them highly adaptable pests.

Affected crops. These termites are primarily associated with woody plants. They inhabit a wide range of forest trees, fruit trees, and ornamental species. They are particularly attracted to deadwood and weakened parts of living trees, which serves as both their food source and their permanent habitat.

Biology and life cycle. The life cycle of Glyptotermes brevicornis occurs entirely within the wood. A colony consists of a king, a queen, and various castes, including nymphs and soldiers. They reproduce through swarming, where winged reproductive individuals emerge to mate and establish new colonies by penetrating the surface of host trees.

Damage and economic impact. The infestation is often difficult to detect in early stages. Termites excavate complex galleries throughout the wood, which can lead to significant structural failure in trees. The loss of vascular tissue prevents water and nutrients from reaching the upper branches, ultimately causing dieback, limb breakage, or the total collapse of the infested tree.

• Inspect tree trunks and branches for small entry holes.
• Remove and burn infested wood to prevent further spread.
• Apply preventative insecticide treatments to vulnerable tree surfaces.
• Maintain tree health to reduce the likelihood of termite colonization.
• Use acoustic sensors or specialized drills for early detection in valuable timber.