Neotermes saleierensis

Systematic position: Neotermes saleierensis belongs to the order Isoptera, family Kalotermitidae (drywood termites). This species is specifically adapted to live within wood tissues, which defines its role as a cryptic and highly destructive pest for various woody plant species in tropical and subtropical regions.

Crops damaged: This pest primarily affects woody plants, including forestry trees, fruit orchards, and ornamental species. Because they do not require contact with the soil, these termites often colonize mature or aging trees, systematically consuming the heartwood and sapwood from the inside out.

Biology and life cycle: The entire life cycle occurs within the host tree. The colony structure includes workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals that maintain a complex network of tunnels. Their development is gradual, and they rely solely on the cellulose within the wood for nutrition, which allows them to persist within a single tree for many years.

Damage patterns and harm: The damage is largely invisible until severe structural weakness occurs. Termites excavate galleries throughout the xylem, disrupting the tree's vascular system. This reduction in structural integrity often leads to tree collapse during high winds, or gradual wilting and death due to the inability to transport water and nutrients.

Protection measures: Controlling Neotermes saleierensis is challenging due to its hidden lifestyle. Essential management practices include:

• Regular phytosanitary inspection of trees for signs of boreholes or frass.
• Prompt removal and destruction of heavily infested trees to eliminate the source of infestation.
• Application of systemic insecticides or wood preservatives to vulnerable areas.
• Sealing cracks and pruning wounds to minimize entry points for swarming termites.