Словарь агронома

Хранение и экономика

Machine Utilization Rate

A performance metric representing the ratio of actual operating time to the total available time a machine is held within a farming operation over a specific pe...

Питание и удобрения

Macronutrients

These are chemical elements required by plants in relatively large quantities to support growth, metabolic processes, and overall productivity.

Селекция и семеноводство

Male parent

The plant providing pollen for cross-pollination to produce new varieties or hybrid seeds.

Хранение и экономика

Marketability of grain

A quality indicator representing the proportion of primary grain in a batch that meets trade standards and is suitable for commercial sale.

Селекция и семеноводство

Mass selection

A breeding method where a group of plants with desirable phenotypic traits is selected from a population to produce seeds for the next generation without indivi...

Цифровое земледелие

Material flow control

This is the process of monitoring and regulating the volume of agricultural material passing through a technological line per unit of time.

Селекция и семеноводство

Maternal form

A plant used as the female parent in hybridization to produce seeds with specific desired traits or hybrid vigor.

Погода и климат

Maximum hygroscopicity

The maximum amount of moisture a dry soil can absorb from the atmosphere under saturation conditions, expressed as a percentage of the soil's dry weight.

Хранение и экономика

Maximum permissible losses

An economically justified level of crop loss where the cost of control measures does not exceed the value of the saved yield.

Посев и сорта

Maximum permissible seeding rate

This is the highest seed density per unit area that ensures optimal crop development without inducing excessive intraspecific competition for nutrients, water,...

Питание и удобрения

Microbiological fertilizers

Agricultural products containing live beneficial microorganisms that enhance plant nutrient uptake and suppress soil-borne pathogens.

Питание и удобрения

Microgranules

Microgranules are a formulation of fertilizers or pesticides in the form of small particles, 0.5 to 2 mm in diameter, designed for precise, localized applicatio...

Питание и удобрения

Micronutrients

Micronutrients are essential chemical elements, such as boron, zinc, and iron, required by plants in small quantities for healthy growth and physiological devel...

Рост и развитие

Milk-wax ripeness

A stage of cereal crop development where grain contents transition from a liquid to a dough-like consistency, marking the onset of moisture reduction.

Питание и удобрения

Mineral nitrogen

Mineral nitrogen refers to the inorganic forms of nitrogen, primarily ammonium and nitrate, that are readily available for plant uptake from the soil.

Питание и удобрения

Mineralization

The process by which soil microorganisms decompose organic matter into simple mineral forms that can be absorbed by plants.

Почва и обработка

Minimum tillage

A conservation tillage system that reduces the frequency and depth of mechanical soil disturbance to improve soil structure and moisture retention.

Погода и климат

Moisture coefficient

An indicator representing the ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration, used to determine moisture availability for crop production.

Хранение и экономика

Moisture conversion factor

This is a mathematical factor used to adjust the weight of agricultural commodities to a standard moisture level for accurate storage and trade calculations.

Селекция и семеноводство

Morphological traits

These are the external physical characteristics of a plant, such as shape, size, color, and structure, used for variety identification and field assessment.

Почва и обработка

Mulching

Mulching is the agricultural practice of covering the soil surface with organic or inorganic materials to improve soil health and plant growth.

Техника и орошение

Multicontroller

A centralized electronic control unit that integrates the operation of various agricultural machinery components into a single interface.