Словарь агронома

Цифровое земледелие

Parallel guidance

A navigation technology for agricultural machinery that ensures equipment travels along parallel paths with high precision, eliminating overlaps and skips.

Техника и орошение

Parallel guidance system

A satellite-based navigation technology that assists machinery operators in driving agricultural equipment along precise paths to avoid overlaps and skips.

Защита растений

Pest monitoring

A systematic process of observing crops to detect, identify, and quantify pests, diseases, and weeds for informed plant protection decision-making.

Защита растений

Pest resistance

This is the acquired ability of a pest population to survive exposure to pesticides that were previously effective against them.

Защита растений

Pesticide load

It is a measure of the total amount and frequency of pesticide active ingredients applied to a specific area over a given timeframe.

Питание и удобрения

Phosphorus fixation

The process by which soil minerals convert available phosphorus from fertilizers into insoluble forms that are inaccessible to plant roots.

Посев и сорта

Photoperiod sensitivity

This is a biological response of plants to the length of day or night, which regulates the timing of flowering and vegetative development.

Рост и развитие

Photoperiodism

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night, which controls key developmental processes like flowering and maturatio...

Рост и развитие

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the biological process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, creating organic compounds essential for crop growth and yie...

Погода и климат

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)

The spectral range of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis.

Рост и развитие

Phototropism

Phototropism is the growth response of plants toward or away from an external directional light source.

Почва и обработка

Physical clay

It represents the total sum of all soil particles smaller than 0.01 millimeters, which determine the soil's mechanical composition and its ability to retain wat...

Хранение и экономика

Physical grain mass

This is the actual total weight of a grain batch at its natural moisture content, determined by weighing without adjusting for impurities or standard moisture l...

Хранение и экономика

Physical mass of a grain lot

It is the actual weight of a grain lot measured in kilograms or tonnes, determined by direct weighing without adjustments for moisture content or impurities.

Посев и сорта

Physical purity of seeds

It is the percentage by weight of pure seeds of the crop variety in a seed lot, free from foreign matter, weed seeds, and damaged kernels.

Рост и развитие

Physiological aging

An irreversible process of gradual decline in metabolic activity and adaptive capacity of a plant, leading to the completion of its life cycle.

Хранение и экономика

Physiological maturity

The stage of plant development when seeds or fruits reach their maximum dry weight and are fully capable of germination.

Защита растений

Phyto-examination

Phyto-examination is a comprehensive laboratory analysis of seeds or plants to detect latent infections and assess their phytosanitary status.

Защита растений

Phytocenosis

Phytocenosis is a stable plant community consisting of various species growing in a specific area and interacting with each other and their environment.

Защита растений

Phytopathogen

A phytopathogen is a biological agent, such as a fungus, bacterium, virus, or nematode, that causes infectious diseases in plants.

Защита растений

Phytophage

A phytophage is a herbivorous animal or insect that feeds on plant tissues and is often classified as a crop pest.

Защита растений

Phytosanitary control

A set of regulatory measures designed to prevent the introduction and spread of plant pests, diseases, and weeds in agricultural products.

Защита растений

Phytosanitary status

A comprehensive assessment of crops based on the presence and prevalence of pests, diseases, and weeds in a specific area.

Защита растений

Phytotoxicity

Phytotoxicity is the capacity of a substance or environmental condition to cause damage, growth inhibition, or death in plants.

Рост и развитие

Plant antioxidant system

This is a complex set of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive mechanisms that neutralize reactive oxygen species to protect plant cells from environmental stre...

Посев и сорта

Plant density

The number of living crop plants per unit area of a field at a specific stage of development.

Почва и обработка

Plant feeding area

This is the space allocated to an individual plant within a field, from which it extracts the nutrients, moisture, and light required for development.

Защита растений

Plant growth regulator

Organic compounds, either natural or synthetic, that modify plant growth processes such as stem elongation, germination, or flowering.

Питание и удобрения

Plant growth retardants

Plant growth retardants are chemical substances used to suppress stem elongation, resulting in shorter, sturdier, and more resilient plants.

Погода и климат

Plant hardening

The practice of gradually exposing indoor-grown seedlings to outdoor conditions like cooler temperatures and wind to prepare them for transplanting.

Почва и обработка

Plough pan

A plough pan is a compacted soil layer formed below the depth of cultivation, caused by the repetitive mechanical pressure of tillage equipment.

Почва и обработка

Ploughing

A primary tillage operation where soil is cut, turned over, and loosened using a plough to prepare the seedbed.

Техника и орошение

Pneumatic seeding system

A technology for delivering seeds to the furrow openers using a directed stream of compressed air.

Хранение и экономика

Porosity of grain bulk

Porosity is the fraction of the volume of voids between grain kernels relative to the total volume of the grain bulk.

Селекция и семеноводство

Post-control

Post-control in agronomy is the systematic assessment of the efficacy of pesticides and agrochemicals applied to crops after a specific period following the tre...

Рост и развитие

Post-embryonic development

This is the stage of a plant's life cycle that begins after seed germination and continues until death or the completion of its life cycle.

Хранение и экономика

Post-harvest processing line

A system of interconnected machinery designed for the continuous cleaning, drying, and sorting of grain immediately after harvest.

Питание и удобрения

Potassium fixation

The process where potassium ions are trapped within the lattice structure of clay minerals, rendering them unavailable for plant uptake.

Погода и климат

Potential evapotranspiration

This is the maximum amount of water that would evaporate from soil and transpire from plant surfaces if water supply were not limited.

Селекция и семеноводство

Pre-basic seeds

The highest category of seeds produced under the direct responsibility of the breeder to maintain the genetic purity and identity of the variety.

Защита растений

Pre-harvest interval

The minimum required time between the final pesticide application and the harvest to ensure that residue levels in the produce are within safe regulatory limits...

Посев и сорта

Pre-harvest moisture content

The percentage of water present in seeds or plant material just before harvest, which determines the timing for gathering crops and their storability.

Почва и обработка

Pre-sowing cultivation

This is the final soil tillage operation before seeding, designed to loosen the topsoil and prepare a uniform, firm seedbed.

Погода и климат

Precipitation sum

This is the total volume of moisture, such as rain, snow, or dew, that has fallen on a specific area over a given period, typically measured in millimeters.

Техника и орошение

Precipitation uniformity

A metric describing the degree of spatial consistency of rainfall across a field throughout the growing season.

Цифровое земледелие

Precision agriculture

A management strategy that uses information technology to ensure that crops and soil receive exactly what they need for optimum health and productivity.

Цифровое земледелие

Precision Agriculture Navigation

The use of satellite positioning systems in farming equipment to ensure accurate field coverage and reduce overlaps during field operations.

Техника и орошение

Prescription map

A digital file that provides instructions to agricultural equipment to automatically adjust application rates for seeds, fertilizers, or chemicals across a fiel...

Техника и орошение

Pressure compensation (in drip irrigation)

A technology that maintains a constant water flow rate from each emitter regardless of pressure fluctuations or elevation changes across the field.

Хранение и экономика

Production profitability

A key economic indicator that measures the efficiency of agricultural production by comparing the net profit earned against the total costs incurred during the...

Селекция и семеноводство

Progeny testing nursery

A specialized breeding nursery where the performance of individual plant lineages is evaluated to determine their genetic potential and suitability for further...