Селекция и семеноводство
Approbation bush
A representative plant or group of plants selected in a field to perform an expert assessment of the varietal and seed quality of a crop.
Agronomy knowledge
Словарь агронома
Короткие понятные определения агрономических терминов: обработка почвы, посев, питание, защита растений, техника и хранение урожая.
Все темы535
Почва и обработка55
Посев и сорта55
Питание и удобрения55
Защита растений55
Техника и орошение55
Хранение и экономика55
Рост и развитие55
Погода и климат55
Селекция и семеноводство55
Цифровое земледелие40
Терминов в разделе: 55
A
Селекция и семеноводство
Approbation percentage
A metric indicating the degree of varietal purity of a crop field, determined during official field inspection to ensure adherence to seed quality standards.
B
Селекция и семеноводство
Breeding nursery
A specialized field area for the primary propagation and evaluation of hybrid plant materials selected to develop new crop varieties.
Селекция и семеноводство
Breeding process
The breeding process is a targeted activity aimed at creating and improving plant varieties and hybrids with specific commercially valuable traits.
C
Селекция и семеноводство
Clonal selection
A breeding method involving the selection of the best individual plants within a vegetatively propagated cultivar to preserve or improve its specific traits.
Селекция и семеноводство
CMS (Cytoplasmic Male Sterility)
A genetic condition in plants that prevents the production of functional pollen, used primarily to facilitate large-scale hybrid seed production.
Селекция и семеноводство
Contrast hybridization
A plant breeding method that involves crossing genetically distant parental forms to create progeny with unique, often opposing, valuable traits.
Селекция и семеноводство
Cross-pollination
The transfer of pollen from the male parts of one flower to the female parts of another flower of the same species.
Селекция и семеноводство
Cultivar acclimatization
The process of adapting a crop cultivar to new soil and climatic conditions that differ from the environment of its original breeding.
Селекция и семеноводство
Cultural value of seeds
This is a quality indicator representing the percentage of pure, viable seeds in a batch capable of producing healthy seedlings.
D
Селекция и семеноводство
Depression (in agronomy)
A temporary slowing or cessation of plant growth and development caused by adverse environmental factors or external physiological stress.
E
Селекция и семеноводство
Ecological plasticity
This is the ability of a crop variety or hybrid to maintain stable productivity despite variations in environmental conditions and climatic factors.
Селекция и семеноводство
Economic and biological assessment
A comprehensive analysis of agricultural crop varieties based on their productive potential and resistance to environmental stress factors.
Селекция и семеноводство
Elite seed-producing farm
An agricultural enterprise specialized in multiplying elite-category seeds to supply commercial farms with high-quality planting material.
Селекция и семеноводство
Elite seeds
Elite seeds are high-quality reproductive material derived from super-elite seeds, intended for the further production of commercial seed crops.
F
Селекция и семеноводство
Field inspection
Field inspection is the process of evaluating agricultural crops in the field to verify varietal purity, identity, and the absence of diseases or weeds.
Селекция и семеноводство
First filial generation (F1 hybrid)
This is the first generation of offspring resulting from a cross between two genetically distinct parent lines, exhibiting superior traits known as heterosis.
G
Селекция и семеноводство
Genetic potential
The maximum productivity of a crop variety or hybrid determined by its DNA, which can be achieved under optimal environmental and management conditions.
Селекция и семеноводство
Genetic purity
The degree to which seeds or plants possess the genetic characteristics of a specific variety, free from contamination by other varieties.
H
Селекция и семеноводство
Heterosis (hybrid vigor)
The phenomenon where the progeny of genetically diverse parents exhibit superior traits, such as growth rate and yield, compared to either parent.
I
Селекция и семеноводство
Inbred line
An inbred line is a genetically uniform population of plants derived from repeated self-fertilization, serving as the basis for breeding hybrid crop varieties.
Селекция и семеноводство
Inbred line
An inbred line is a group of genetically identical plants produced by repeated self-pollination to stabilize desirable traits.
Селекция и семеноводство
Inbreeding
Inbreeding is the breeding of closely related individuals, utilized in agriculture to create homozygous lines and preserve desirable traits.
Селекция и семеноводство
Individual selection
A breeding method where the best plants are selected from a population based on progeny testing to develop pure lines.
M
Селекция и семеноводство
Male parent
The plant providing pollen for cross-pollination to produce new varieties or hybrid seeds.
Селекция и семеноводство
Mass selection
A breeding method where a group of plants with desirable phenotypic traits is selected from a population to produce seeds for the next generation without indivi...
Селекция и семеноводство
Maternal form
A plant used as the female parent in hybridization to produce seeds with specific desired traits or hybrid vigor.
Селекция и семеноводство
Morphological traits
These are the external physical characteristics of a plant, such as shape, size, color, and structure, used for variety identification and field assessment.
N
Селекция и семеноводство
National List of Varieties
An official catalogue of plant varieties approved by the government for commercial cultivation and sale within a country.
P
Селекция и семеноводство
Post-control
Post-control in agronomy is the systematic assessment of the efficacy of pesticides and agrochemicals applied to crops after a specific period following the tre...
Селекция и семеноводство
Pre-basic seeds
The highest category of seeds produced under the direct responsibility of the breeder to maintain the genetic purity and identity of the variety.
Селекция и семеноводство
Progeny testing nursery
A specialized breeding nursery where the performance of individual plant lineages is evaluated to determine their genetic potential and suitability for further...
R
Селекция и семеноводство
Reproduction
This is a successive generation of seeds or planting material obtained during the process of seed production from initial plant forms.
Селекция и семеноводство
Reproduction sowing
A method of sowing elite or high-generation seeds to produce quality seed material for future cycles while preserving the variety's specific traits.
Селекция и семеноводство
Roguing
The practice of identifying and removing off-type plants, diseased individuals, or weeds from a crop to maintain genetic purity.
S
Селекция и семеноводство
Seed certification
The official process of testing and verifying seed quality to ensure it meets established standards for purity, germination capacity, and health.
Селекция и семеноводство
Seed certification
The official process of verifying that seed lots meet established quality standards for genetic identity, purity, and germination.
Селекция и семеноводство
Seed control
A system of testing and verification procedures designed to ensure that seeds meet established quality, purity, and germination standards for agricultural produ...
Селекция и семеноводство
Seed generation
Seed generation is the biological process of seed development, maturation, and reproduction within agricultural crops.
Селекция и семеноводство
Seed inspection
A regulatory service responsible for auditing and certifying seed quality, purity, and germination rates to ensure they meet agricultural standards.
Селекция и семеноводство
Seed lot
A seed lot is a specific quantity of seeds, uniform in quality and origin, identified by a unique code and covered by a single certificate of analysis.
Селекция и семеноводство
Seed production system
A structured sequence of agronomic and organizational activities designed to multiply high-quality, genetically pure seeds while maintaining the varietal charac...
Селекция и семеноводство
Sowing suitability
Sowing suitability is a parameter representing the percentage of seeds in a lot that are both pure and viable, calculated by multiplying seed purity by germinat...
Селекция и семеноводство
Species purity
Species purity is a measure of the absence of seeds of other botanical plant species within a specific seed lot.
Селекция и семеноводство
Sterility
The condition of an organism or environment characterized by the total absence of living microorganisms or the inability to reproduce sexually.
Селекция и семеноводство
Super Elite
Super Elite seeds are high-quality planting material obtained directly from the breeder, serving as the primary stock for seed multiplication programs.
V
Селекция и семеноводство
Varietal identification
The process of verifying that a specific crop or seed lot conforms to the defined characteristics and genetic profile of a particular variety.
Селекция и семеноводство
Varietal qualities
These are the genetically determined characteristics and traits of a plant that define its identity, productivity, and suitability for specific growing environm...
Селекция и семеноводство
Variety adaptability
The ability of a crop variety to maintain consistent yields and performance across varying environmental and soil conditions within a specific region.
Селекция и семеноводство
Variety differentiation
The practice of managing different crop varieties separately to optimize their specific yield potential and synchronize farming operations like harvesting.
Селекция и семеноводство
Variety renewal
A systematic replacement of commercial seeds with high-quality certified seed stock to maintain the genetic integrity and yield potential of a crop variety.
Селекция и семеноводство
Variety replacement
The planned transition from older, less productive crop varieties to newer, higher-yielding ones with improved agronomic traits.
Селекция и семеноводство
Variety testing
A process of evaluating new crop varieties through field trials to determine their agronomic performance, productivity, and suitability for specific environment...
Z
Селекция и семеноводство
Zonal zoning
A system of dividing territory into regions with similar climatic and soil conditions to select the most suitable crop varieties and farming practices.
Селекция и семеноводство
Zoning
The division of territory into agro-climatic regions to select crop varieties and hybrids best suited to the local soil and climate conditions.