Словарь агронома

Хранение и экономика

Active ventilation

The forced circulation of air through a bulk of agricultural crops to control temperature and moisture levels for safe storage.

Хранение и экономика

Baking quality indicator

A set of grain properties that determine its suitability for producing bread with specific volume, texture, and structural characteristics.

Хранение и экономика

Base moisture content

This is a standardized moisture level in grain or seeds, set by industry regulations, to ensure safe long-term storage and fair commercial transactions.

Хранение и экономика

Bulk density

The mass of a unit volume of dry soil or granular material, including the air-filled pore space between particles.

Хранение и экономика

Combine harvester throughput

The maximum amount of crop material that a combine's threshing and separating system can process per unit of time while maintaining harvest quality and minimal...

Хранение и экономика

Conditioned grain

This is grain that meets established quality standards and regulatory moisture requirements, making it safe for long-term storage or processing without risk of...

Хранение и экономика

Continuous drying

A grain drying method where the product moves through the dryer in a steady, uninterrupted flow without pauses for heating or cooling cycles.

Хранение и экономика

Cost per hectare

This is the total sum of all direct and indirect expenses incurred by an agricultural producer to cultivate a crop on one hectare of land.

Хранение и экономика

Critical moisture content

This is the maximum level of moisture at which grain can be stored safely without the risk of heating, spoilage, or microbial growth.

Хранение и экономика

Direct harvesting

A harvesting method where cutting and threshing of crops are performed in a single pass of the combine harvester across the field.

Хранение и экономика

Economic threshold of harvest losses

It is the critical level of crop loss at which the value of the harvested grain equals the cost of implementing measures to prevent further loss.

Хранение и экономика

Gluten

A group of structural proteins that provides elasticity and texture to dough, formed when water is mixed with wheat flour.

Хранение и экономика

Grain admixtures

These are grains of the main crop that differ from sound, mature grains due to physical damage, immaturity, or biological degradation, but are not classified as...

Хранение и экономика

Grain aeration

This is the process of forcing air through a grain bulk to reduce its temperature, remove excess moisture, and prevent spoilage during storage.

Хранение и экономика

Grain bagging

This is a storage technology for grain and forage that involves placing agricultural products into hermetically sealed, large-capacity plastic bags directly on...

Хранение и экономика

Grain compaction coefficient

A numerical value representing the reduction in volume of a grain mass when it settles under its own weight or external pressure.

Хранение и экономика

Grain conditioning to base standards

A set of technological operations involving cleaning, drying, and aeration to bring grain quality parameters in line with official or contractual standards.

Хранение и экономика

Grain fractional composition

The distribution of grain mass based on the size, shape, or density of individual kernels, expressed as a percentage of different categories.

Хранение и экономика

Grain grading

A system of classifying grain based on specific physical and chemical quality standards that determine its final commercial value and suitability for processing...

Хранение и экономика

Grain screenings

These are by-products of grain cleaning and processing, consisting of undersized, damaged kernels, weed seeds, chaff, and other plant debris.

Хранение и экономика

Grain self-heating

Grain self-heating is the process of temperature rise within a grain bulk caused by increased respiration of grain, microorganisms, and pests due to high moistu...

Хранение и экономика

Grain uniformity

A quality metric representing the consistency of grain size within a batch, measured by the percentage of kernels retained on specific sieve sizes.

Хранение и экономика

Grain weight loss due to drying

This is the inevitable reduction in the physical weight of a grain batch caused by the removal of excess moisture during the thermal drying process.

Хранение и экономика

Gross harvest

The total volume of agricultural produce harvested from the entire area of a specific crop across a farm, region, or country.

Хранение и экономика

Harvest maturity

The physiological stage of a crop when it reaches the peak of quality and quantity required for effective harvesting, processing, and storage.

Хранение и экономика

Header grain losses

This is the portion of the crop that fails to enter the combine harvester and remains on the field due to improper header settings or mechanical issues.

Хранение и экономика

Hidden self-heating

A process of temperature rise inside a grain or seed bulk that occurs without noticeable heating of the upper layers or the external surface of the material.

Хранение и экономика

Machine Utilization Rate

A performance metric representing the ratio of actual operating time to the total available time a machine is held within a farming operation over a specific pe...

Хранение и экономика

Marketability of grain

A quality indicator representing the proportion of primary grain in a batch that meets trade standards and is suitable for commercial sale.

Хранение и экономика

Maximum permissible losses

An economically justified level of crop loss where the cost of control measures does not exceed the value of the saved yield.

Хранение и экономика

Moisture conversion factor

This is a mathematical factor used to adjust the weight of agricultural commodities to a standard moisture level for accurate storage and trade calculations.

Хранение и экономика

Natural mass

The actual weight of agricultural products as measured at the point of receipt or sale, regardless of moisture content or purity levels.

Хранение и экономика

Negative allowance

A method of reducing the seed sowing rate based on superior seed quality, such as high laboratory germination and Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW).

Хранение и экономика

Physical grain mass

This is the actual total weight of a grain batch at its natural moisture content, determined by weighing without adjusting for impurities or standard moisture l...

Хранение и экономика

Physical mass of a grain lot

It is the actual weight of a grain lot measured in kilograms or tonnes, determined by direct weighing without adjustments for moisture content or impurities.

Хранение и экономика

Physiological maturity

The stage of plant development when seeds or fruits reach their maximum dry weight and are fully capable of germination.

Хранение и экономика

Porosity of grain bulk

Porosity is the fraction of the volume of voids between grain kernels relative to the total volume of the grain bulk.

Хранение и экономика

Post-harvest processing line

A system of interconnected machinery designed for the continuous cleaning, drying, and sorting of grain immediately after harvest.

Хранение и экономика

Production profitability

A key economic indicator that measures the efficiency of agricultural production by comparing the net profit earned against the total costs incurred during the...

Хранение и экономика

Residual moisture

The amount of water remaining in soil or agricultural produce after natural drying, evaporation, or drainage processes have occurred.

Хранение и экономика

Seed dormancy period

This is a physiological state where seeds fail to germinate even under favorable environmental conditions until specific internal maturation processes are compl...

Хранение и экономика

Shrinkage

The process of weight and volume loss in agricultural products caused by the evaporation of moisture during storage, drying, or transportation.

Хранение и экономика

Specific air flow rate

The amount of air delivered per unit of time relative to the volume or mass of agricultural produce being processed or stored.

Хранение и экономика

Specific fuel consumption

This is a measure of the amount of fuel used to complete a specific unit of agricultural work, such as per hectare of tilled land or per tonne of harvested crop...

Хранение и экономика

Storability

The intrinsic ability of harvested fruits, vegetables, or seeds to maintain their quality, nutritional value, and marketable appearance during a specific storag...

Хранение и экономика

Storage moisture content

This is the amount of water present in grains or seeds that determines their stability and prevents deterioration during storage.

Хранение и экономика

Stored product pests

Insects and mites that infest stored grains, processed food products, and seeds in warehouses, grain elevators, and storage facilities.

Хранение и экономика

Technological losses

These are losses of agricultural produce that occur during harvesting, transport, or processing due to technical limitations and operational farming practices.

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Threshing efficiency

This is the ratio of the mass of grain actually threshed out of the ear or head to the total mass of grain present before the harvesting process begins.

Хранение и экономика

Two-stage harvesting

A harvesting method where crops are first cut into windrows to mature and dry, followed by a separate operation of threshing using a combine harvester with a pi...

Хранение и экономика

Varietal purity

Varietal purity is a metric indicating the degree to which seeds or plants conform to the specific morphological and biological characteristics of a given culti...

Хранение и экономика

Voidage of grain bulk

It is the ratio of the volume of intergranular air spaces to the total volume occupied by the grain mass, expressed as a percentage.

Хранение и экономика

Weed admixture

Weed admixture refers to foreign materials, including weed seeds and plant debris, present in a grain sample that reduce its commercial quality and storage stab...

Хранение и экономика

Yield in accounting weight

The net weight of agricultural produce after cleaning and drying, adjusted to meet standard moisture and impurity levels.

Хранение и экономика

Содержание крахмала

Доля крахмала в клубне (%); определяет кулинарный тип сорта.