Словарь агронома

Погода и климат

Temperature inversion

A weather phenomenon where air temperature increases with altitude, preventing the normal vertical mixing of air near the ground.

Погода и климат

Temperature threshold

A specific temperature range that triggers, maintains, or terminates essential biological processes and physiological development stages in crops.

Рост и развитие

Thermoperiodism

Thermoperiodism is the physiological response of plants to the alternation of day and night temperatures, influencing their growth, flowering, and metabolic eff...

Посев и сорта

Thousand kernel weight

A metric expressed in grams that represents the weight of one thousand individual seeds of a specific crop at a standard moisture level.

Хранение и экономика

Threshing efficiency

This is the ratio of the mass of grain actually threshed out of the ear or head to the total mass of grain present before the harvesting process begins.

Рост и развитие

Tillering

Tillering is the development of lateral shoots from the base of cereal plants, increasing the total number of stems per plant.

Рост и развитие

Tillering

Tillering is the process of producing additional stems (tillers) from the base of a grass plant, which significantly impacts crop density and yield potential.

Посев и сорта

Tillering coefficient

An agronomic index representing the average number of productive stems or tillers produced by a single plant in cereal crops.

Посев и сорта

Tillering node depth

The distance from the soil surface to the first node on a cereal stem from which adventitious roots and lateral shoots develop.

Посев и сорта

Tillering node depth

This is the distance from the soil surface to the tillering node, the physiological point where secondary roots and shoots originate in cereal crops.

Защита растений

Tillering phase

A growth stage in cereal crops characterized by the development of side shoots from the tillering node at the base of the main stem.

Рост и развитие

Topping

An agricultural practice of removing the terminal bud or the top part of a plant's main stem to stop vertical growth and stimulate side development.

Техника и орошение

Trailed sprayer

An agricultural machine for applying pesticides and liquid fertilizers that is towed by a tractor and moves on its own wheels.

Рост и развитие

Transpiration

This is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers.

Погода и климат

Transpiration ratio

The transpiration ratio is the amount of water in grams required by a plant to produce one gram of dry matter.

Техника и орошение

Twin fan nozzle

A type of sprayer nozzle that produces two independent spray fans at different angles to provide superior coverage of the crop canopy.

Хранение и экономика

Two-stage harvesting

A harvesting method where crops are first cut into windrows to mature and dry, followed by a separate operation of threshing using a combine harvester with a pi...

Цифровое земледелие

UAV Remote Sensing

A method of gathering data on agricultural land conditions using specialized sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles.

Техника и орошение

Vacuum metering system

A planter mechanism that uses air pressure differential to hold seeds onto a rotating disc for precise, singulated placement in the furrow.

Погода и климат

Vapor pressure deficit

The difference between the amount of moisture in the air and how much moisture the air can hold when saturated at a specific temperature.

Цифровое земледелие

Variable rate and coordinate-based field management

This is a precision farming method where field operations are executed based on specific geographic coordinates to optimize resource application and equipment p...

Техника и орошение

Variable Rate Application (VRA)

A precision farming technique that automatically adjusts the amount of fertilizer applied across a field based on site-specific soil and crop needs.

Цифровое земледелие

Variable Rate Seeding

A precision agriculture practice that adjusts the seeding density across a field based on site-specific soil characteristics and yield potential.

Цифровое земледелие

Variable tillage

A precision farming practice that involves adjusting tillage depth and methods across a field based on site-specific soil conditions and crop needs.

Селекция и семеноводство

Varietal identification

The process of verifying that a specific crop or seed lot conforms to the defined characteristics and genetic profile of a particular variety.

Хранение и экономика

Varietal purity

Varietal purity is a metric indicating the degree to which seeds or plants conform to the specific morphological and biological characteristics of a given culti...

Селекция и семеноводство

Varietal qualities

These are the genetically determined characteristics and traits of a plant that define its identity, productivity, and suitability for specific growing environm...

Селекция и семеноводство

Variety adaptability

The ability of a crop variety to maintain consistent yields and performance across varying environmental and soil conditions within a specific region.

Селекция и семеноводство

Variety differentiation

The practice of managing different crop varieties separately to optimize their specific yield potential and synchronize farming operations like harvesting.

Селекция и семеноводство

Variety renewal

A systematic replacement of commercial seeds with high-quality certified seed stock to maintain the genetic integrity and yield potential of a crop variety.

Селекция и семеноводство

Variety replacement

The planned transition from older, less productive crop varieties to newer, higher-yielding ones with improved agronomic traits.

Селекция и семеноводство

Variety testing

A process of evaluating new crop varieties through field trials to determine their agronomic performance, productivity, and suitability for specific environment...

Цифровое земледелие

Vegetation Index

This is a mathematical indicator based on remote sensing data, used to estimate the density, health, and biomass of vegetation in a field.

Погода и климат

Vegetation minimum

This is the minimum level of environmental factors, such as temperature, required for a plant to sustain its vital metabolic processes and development.

Рост и развитие

Vegetative phase

The stage of plant development between germination and the initiation of reproductive organs, primarily focusing on stem and leaf growth.

Питание и удобрения

Vermiculite

Vermiculite is a processed natural mineral that serves as a lightweight soil conditioner, effectively enhancing moisture retention, aeration, and nutrient avail...

Рост и развитие

Vernalization

An agronomic practice of exposing seeds to low temperatures to accelerate the plant's transition to the reproductive flowering stage.

Хранение и экономика

Voidage of grain bulk

It is the ratio of the volume of intergranular air spaces to the total volume occupied by the grain mass, expressed as a percentage.

Цифровое земледелие

VRA (Variable Rate Application)

An agricultural practice that automatically adjusts the application rate of seeds, fertilizers, or pesticides based on site-specific field characteristics.

Почва и обработка

Water erosion

Water erosion is the detachment and removal of soil particles from the land surface by the action of rainfall, runoff, or flowing water.

Техника и орошение

Water pump

A portable device powered by an internal combustion engine, designed for moving large volumes of water for irrigation or drainage purposes.

Почва и обработка

Water retention

The ability of soil to hold water against gravitational drainage and evaporation, ensuring it remains available for plant uptake.

Погода и климат

Water use efficiency

A metric representing the amount of water required by a crop to produce a unit of dry biomass.

Рост и развитие

Waxy ripeness

A stage of cereal crop development where the grain loses moisture, hardens, and its texture becomes similar to wax.

Хранение и экономика

Weed admixture

Weed admixture refers to foreign materials, including weed seeds and plant debris, present in a grain sample that reduce its commercial quality and storage stab...

Погода и климат

Wilting point

The minimum level of soil moisture required for a plant to not wilt, below which the plant cannot recover and will permanently wither.

Погода и климат

Wilting point

The minimum soil moisture level required for a plant not to wilt, below which water is held so tightly by soil particles that it becomes unavailable to roots.

Почва и обработка

Wind erosion

The process of detachment and transport of topsoil particles by wind energy, which results in the loss of organic matter and reduced agricultural productivity.

Техника и орошение

Working width

Working width is the physical distance or strip of land that an agricultural implement covers in a single pass across the field.

Хранение и экономика

Yield in accounting weight

The net weight of agricultural produce after cleaning and drying, adjusted to meet standard moisture and impurity levels.

Цифровое земледелие

Yield map

A geospatial visualization that illustrates the variations in crop production across a field, generated by monitoring equipment during the harvesting process.

Селекция и семеноводство

Zonal zoning

A system of dividing territory into regions with similar climatic and soil conditions to select the most suitable crop varieties and farming practices.

Погода и климат

Zone of risky agriculture

A region with unfavorable climatic conditions where crop yields are unstable due to extreme temperature fluctuations or insufficient precipitation.

Селекция и семеноводство

Zoning

The division of territory into agro-climatic regions to select crop varieties and hybrids best suited to the local soil and climate conditions.

Хранение и экономика

Содержание крахмала

Доля крахмала в клубне (%); определяет кулинарный тип сорта.