Словарь агронома

Цифровое земледелие

Electronic field record

A digital registry of land plot data containing systematized information on crop rotation history, soil characteristics, fertilizer application, and agricultura...

Цифровое земледелие

Electronic prescription map

A digital file containing site-specific instructions that guide automated agricultural equipment to vary application rates of inputs across a field based on loc...

Селекция и семеноводство

Elite seed-producing farm

An agricultural enterprise specialized in multiplying elite-category seeds to supply commercial farms with high-quality planting material.

Селекция и семеноводство

Elite seeds

Elite seeds are high-quality reproductive material derived from super-elite seeds, intended for the further production of commercial seed crops.

Техника и орошение

Emitter

An emitter is a device used in drip irrigation systems that regulates and delivers water or nutrient solutions to plants at a controlled, specific rate.

Защита растений

Entomophage

An entomophage is a beneficial organism, such as an insect or mite, that feeds on agricultural pests, naturally controlling their population density.

Техника и орошение

Equipment pitch

Equipment pitch is the longitudinal tilt of an agricultural implement relative to the soil surface, affecting the uniformity of soil engagement.

Почва и обработка

Eroded soils

Soils that have lost part of their fertile top layer due to the destructive action of wind (deflation) or water (erosion).

Почва и обработка

Erosion-prone lands

These are agricultural areas susceptible to the loss of topsoil and degradation caused by wind or water action due to topography, soil composition, and lack of...

Рост и развитие

Etiolation

A process in plants grown in partial or complete absence of light, characterized by long, weak stems and pale leaves due to lack of chlorophyll.

Погода и климат

Evaporability

Evaporability is the maximum amount of moisture that can evaporate from the soil surface and plants under given weather conditions, assuming an unlimited water...

Погода и климат

Evapotranspiration

The sum of evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration from plants into the atmosphere.

Посев и сорта

F1 Hybrid

The first filial generation offspring resulting from a cross-breeding between two genetically distinct parent lines to achieve specific superior traits.

Посев и сорта

FAO maturity group

A classification system established by the Food and Agriculture Organization to indicate the relative maturity period of maize hybrids from emergence to physiol...

Питание и удобрения

Fertigation

The process of applying water-soluble fertilizers through an irrigation system, usually via drip irrigation.

Питание и удобрения

Fertilizer availability

This is the capacity of plants to absorb and utilize nutrients supplied by fertilizers for their biological processes and optimal development.

Посев и сорта

Fertilizer micro-dosing

A practice of applying small, precise amounts of fertilizers directly into the root zone to maximize nutrient uptake and crop growth efficiency.

Питание и удобрения

Fertilizer system

A scientifically grounded complex of measures for the application of organic and mineral fertilizers to maintain soil fertility and ensure crop productivity.

Погода и климат

Field capacity

Field capacity is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in the soil after excess water has drained away by gravity.

Цифровое земледелие

Field data layers

Digital information sets superimposed to provide a detailed spatial analysis of agricultural land characteristics.

Цифровое земледелие

Field Data Management

A systematic process of collecting, storing, and analyzing information about farmland to support informed agronomic decision-making.

Посев и сорта

Field emergence

The percentage of seeds that produce normal seedlings under actual field soil and environmental conditions.

Посев и сорта

Field emergence

It is the percentage of planted seeds that successfully produce seedlings under actual field conditions, reflecting the combined impact of seed quality and envi...

Цифровое земледелие

Field heterogeneity analysis

A method of assessing soil and crop variation within a field to implement site-specific agricultural management strategies.

Селекция и семеноводство

Field inspection

Field inspection is the process of evaluating agricultural crops in the field to verify varietal purity, identity, and the absence of diseases or weeds.

Посев и сорта

Field inspection of crops

This is the process of evaluating crop fields to verify varietal purity, health status, and compliance with seed production standards.

Почва и обработка

Field moisture

The actual amount of water present in the soil under natural conditions, expressed as a percentage of the dry soil weight or volume at a specific time.

Цифровое земледелие

Field zoning

Dividing a field into areas with homogeneous soil or yield characteristics to implement precision agriculture strategies.

Техника и орошение

Filtration station

A set of equipment designed to remove mechanical impurities, sand, organic matter, and chemical sediments from irrigation water before it enters the drip irriga...

Селекция и семеноводство

First filial generation (F1 hybrid)

This is the first generation of offspring resulting from a cross between two genetically distinct parent lines, exhibiting superior traits known as heterosis.

Рост и развитие

Flag leaf

The flag leaf is the final leaf produced on the stem of a cereal plant, emerging immediately before the head or ear.

Рост и развитие

Flowering

Flowering is the physiological stage of plant development during which buds open to allow for pollination and the subsequent production of seeds or fruits.

Питание и удобрения

Foliar feeding

A technique of applying fertilizers directly to the leaves of plants through liquid sprays for rapid nutrient absorption.

Защита растений

Formulation

A formulation is the physical state of a pesticide or fertilizer, consisting of the active ingredient mixed with additives to ensure effectiveness and ease of f...

Погода и климат

Frost-free period

The interval between the last spring frost and the first autumn frost, during which the air temperature remains above zero degrees Celsius.

Погода и климат

Frosts

A weather phenomenon where air temperatures drop below the freezing point of water during the night or early morning while daytime temperatures remain positive.

Цифровое земледелие

Fuel consumption monitoring

A system for tracking and analyzing the volume of fuel consumed by agricultural machinery in real-time or during field operations to optimize operational effici...

Рост и развитие

Full maturity

The physiological stage of plant development where seeds or fruits reach their maximum mass, typical coloration, and potential for long-term storage or propagat...

Защита растений

Fungicidal treatment

This is the application of chemical or biological agents to crops to prevent, control, or eliminate fungal infections in plants.

Почва и обработка

Furrow slice turnover

Furrow slice turnover is a tillage technique where the soil layer is inverted to bury crop residues and improve soil structure.

Селекция и семеноводство

Genetic potential

The maximum productivity of a crop variety or hybrid determined by its DNA, which can be achieved under optimal environmental and management conditions.

Селекция и семеноводство

Genetic purity

The degree to which seeds or plants possess the genetic characteristics of a specific variety, free from contamination by other varieties.

Посев и сорта

Genetic yield potential

This is the maximum possible yield and quality of a crop variety, determined by its genetics and achievable only under ideal environmental and agronomic conditi...

Цифровое земледелие

Geographic Information System in Agronomy

A digital technology used for collecting, processing, and visualizing spatial field data to support agronomic decision-making based on precise geographical loca...

Цифровое земледелие

Geopositioning

A technology used to determine the precise location of agricultural machinery and field features using global navigation satellite systems.

Посев и сорта

Germination energy

This indicator measures the ability of seeds to sprout quickly and uniformly within a limited period, reflecting their overall vitality.

Рост и развитие

Germination phase

This is the initial stage of plant development where a seed absorbs water, swells, and the primary embryonic root emerges.

Хранение и экономика

Gluten

A group of structural proteins that provides elasticity and texture to dough, formed when water is mixed with wheat flour.

Хранение и экономика

Grain admixtures

These are grains of the main crop that differ from sound, mature grains due to physical damage, immaturity, or biological degradation, but are not classified as...

Хранение и экономика

Grain aeration

This is the process of forcing air through a grain bulk to reduce its temperature, remove excess moisture, and prevent spoilage during storage.

Хранение и экономика

Grain bagging

This is a storage technology for grain and forage that involves placing agricultural products into hermetically sealed, large-capacity plastic bags directly on...

Хранение и экономика

Grain compaction coefficient

A numerical value representing the reduction in volume of a grain mass when it settles under its own weight or external pressure.

Хранение и экономика

Grain conditioning to base standards

A set of technological operations involving cleaning, drying, and aeration to bring grain quality parameters in line with official or contractual standards.

Рост и развитие

Grain filling

Grain filling is the stage of crop development when nutrients are transported and stored within the grain, increasing its weight and size until maturity.

Хранение и экономика

Grain fractional composition

The distribution of grain mass based on the size, shape, or density of individual kernels, expressed as a percentage of different categories.

Хранение и экономика

Grain grading

A system of classifying grain based on specific physical and chemical quality standards that determine its final commercial value and suitability for processing...

Хранение и экономика

Grain screenings

These are by-products of grain cleaning and processing, consisting of undersized, damaged kernels, weed seeds, chaff, and other plant debris.

Хранение и экономика

Grain self-heating

Grain self-heating is the process of temperature rise within a grain bulk caused by increased respiration of grain, microorganisms, and pests due to high moistu...

Хранение и экономика

Grain uniformity

A quality metric representing the consistency of grain size within a batch, measured by the percentage of kernels retained on specific sieve sizes.

Хранение и экономика

Grain weight loss due to drying

This is the inevitable reduction in the physical weight of a grain batch caused by the removal of excess moisture during the thermal drying process.